The petrochemical industry is an industry which relies on oil. So petrol comes from oil- hence the name petrol and chemical mashed together!
Chemistry is a petrochemical industry as most chemicals we use come from oil originally. It is best to try and avoid these things these days since we might run out of oil in the next 50 years!
Not only that, but the refinery process is so useful that the more sustainable approach, using a biological route, aims to copy it, and produce a biorefinery!
The general principle is that oil, and biomass, are both very complex things that produce many products, but need to be purified and separated into the various different components, so they are similarities between the two processes.
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